When looking at what causes asthma, the conditions that cause a person to develop asthma and the triggers that cause asthma symptoms must be considered. The development of asthma symptoms occurs when a person has both the primary cause of asthma and irritants triggering the symptoms.
The most common primary cause of asthma is a genetic tendency for the immune system to overreact to allergens. The hereditary hyperactive immune system is called atopy. Atopy has not only been linked to asthma but also to eczema and allergies. Often, a person who develops asthma will have a family history of allergies, eczema, or asthma.
In addition to atopy, contracting certain respiratory infections during childhood and exposure to some chemical substances have been identified as other causes of asthma. Therefore, someone who does not have the genetic predisposition to asthma but has been exposed to these other causes of asthma can develop asthma symptoms in response to asthma triggers.
Asthma triggers are substances or conditions that cause a person with asthma to develop asthma symptoms. These asthma triggers cause irritation or inflammation of the airways. The triggers cause inflammation of the lining of the airways, the muscles to tighten around the airways, and mucous to accumulate in the airways.
A common asthma trigger is the presence of allergens in the air. Pollen, mold, pet dander, and dust mites are common allergens that can trigger asthma symptoms. Smoke, chemical fumes, and perfumes are common irritants to people with asthma. These irritants can trigger asthma symptoms.
Exercise causes asthma symptoms in some people. Other triggers may not affect people with exercise-induced asthma. When someone exercises, they breathe through their mouth instead of their noses which causes the air to be cooler. The fast inhalation of cooler air is thought to be the cause of exercise-induced asthma.
People may develop asthma symptoms in response to significant stress or strong emotions. An emotional response can cause changes in breathing and airway constriction naturally which can trigger asthma symptoms.
Colds, upper respiratory infections, sinus infections, and the flu can cause asthma symptoms due to irritation or inflammation of the airways and the accumulation of mucus. People with asthma may need more asthma control medication at times when they have respiratory illnesses.
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